Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean. It is the world's second largest country by total area, and shares land borders with the United States to the south and northwest.
The land occupied by Canada was inhabited for millennia by various groups of aboriginal people. Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French expeditions explored, and later settled along, the Atlantic coast. France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 after the Seven Years' War. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. This began an accretion of additional provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom, highlighted by the Statute of Westminster in 1931, and culminating in the Canada Act in 1982 which severed the vestiges of legal dependence on the British parliament.
A federation comprising ten provinces and three territories, Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II as its head of state. It is a bilingual and multicultural country, with both English and French as official languages at the federal level. Technologically advanced and industrialized, Canada maintains a diversified economy that is heavily reliant upon its abundant natural resources and upon tradeparticularly with the United States, with which Canada has had a long and complex relationship. It is a member of the G8, NATO, Commonwealth of Nations, and La Francophonie.
| 1. Alberta 2. British Columbia 3. Manitoba 4. New Brunswick | 5. Northwest Territories 6. Nova Scotia 7. Nunavut 8. Ontario | 9. Prince Edward Island 10. Quebec 11. Saskatchewan 12. Yukon 13. Newfoundland and Labrador |
| 1. Toronto 4,612,191 2. Montreal 3,268,513 3. Vancouver 1,837,969 4. Calgary 1,019,942 5. Ottawa 812,129 6. Edmonton 712,391 7. Mississauga 668,549 8. North York 636,000 9. Winnipeg 632,063 10. Quebec 528,595 11. Hamilton 504,559 12. Brampton 433,806 13. Kitchener 409,112 14. Surrey 394,976 15. Laval 376,845 16. Halifax 359,111 17. London 346,765 18. Victoria 289,625 19. Windsor 278,013 20. Oshawa 247,989 21. Gatineau 242,124 22. Vaughan 238,866 23. Longueuil 229,330 24. Burnaby 202,799 25. Ladner 200,000 26. Saskatoon 198,958 27. Barrie 182,041 28. Richmond 182,000 29. Regina 176,183 30. Burlington 164,415 31. Greater Sudbury 157,857 32. Abbotsford 151,683 33. Saguenay 143,692 | 34. St. Catharines 131,989 35. Sherbrooke 129,447 36. Levis 126,396 37. Kelowna 125,109 38. Cambridge 120,372 39. Trois-Rivieres 119,693 40. Guelph 115,760 41. Coquitlam 114,565 42. Kingston 114,195 43. Chatham-Kent 108,589 44. Sydney 105,968 45. Delta 101,668 46. Dartmouth 101,343 47. Thunder Bay 99,334 48. St. John's 99,182 49. Waterloo 97,475 50. Terrebonne 94,703 51. Langley 93,726 52. Saint John 87,857 53. Pickering 87,838 54. Brantford 87,759 55. Moncton 87,467 56. Nanaimo 84,905 57. Sarnia 82,998 58. Niagara Falls 82,000 59. Saint-Laurent 77,391 60. Repentigny 76,237 61. Peterborough 75,877 62. Sault Ste. Marie 74,948 63. Kawartha Lakes 74,561 64. Red Deer 73,593 65. Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu 71,613 66. Lethbridge 70,617 | 67. Maple Ridge 70,000 68. Brossard 69,575 69. Chilliwack 69,217 70. Kamloops 68,714 71. White Rock 66,450 72. Prince George 65,558 73. Medicine Hat 63,138 74. Norfolk County 60,847 75. Drummondville 59,489 76. New Westminster 58,549 77. St. Albert 57,719 78. Sherwood Park 55,063 79. Saint-Jerome 54,948 80. Jonquiere 54,842 81. Granby 53,979 82. Fredericton 52,337 83. Welland 50,331 84. Saint-Hyacinthe 50,326 85. North Bay 50,170 86. Shawinigan 49,161 87. Dollard-Des Ormeaux 48,930 88. Belleville 48,821 89. Cornwall 48,821 90. North Vancouver 48,000 91. Vernon 47,274 92. Blainville 46,493 93. Haldimand County 45,212 94. Timmins 42,997 95. Chateauguay 42,786 96. Quinte West 42,697 97. Charlottetown 42,402 98. Rimouski 42,240 99. Saint-Eustache 42,062 100. Grande Prairie 41,462 |
